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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(1): 29-31, Mar. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-708718

ABSTRACT

In the present case study, there is an anomalous pattern of superficial branch of radial nerve (SBRN) that can be recognized as an anatomical variant of the left upper limb of a 60 years old donated embalmed male cadaver in the Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in which the superficial branch of radial nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. The superficial branch of radial nerve gave off branch to supply the proximal fusion part of extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles immediately after bifurcation of the radial nerve into the superficial branch of radial nerve and deep branch of radial nerve. This variation is very important to the surgeon as the presence of the variant will make them more careful in dealing with nerve entrapment surgery, reconstructive surgery and in the pain management services, the variation giving indications for treatment.


En el presente estudio se observó un caso de un patrón anómalo del ramo superficial del nervio radial (RSNR) reconocido como una variante anatómica del miembro superior izquierdo en un cadáver de sexo masculino de 60 años perteneciente al Departamento de Anatomía Humana de la Universidad Putra, Malasia. En este caso el ramo superficial del nervio radial inervaba a los músculos extensores radial largo y corto del carpo. El ramo superficial del nervio radial otorgaba un ramo a nivel del origen fusionado de los músculos extensores radiales del carpo, inmediatamente después de la división en ramos superficial y profundo del nervio radial. Esta variación es de importancia para el cirujano debido a que requiere un mayor cuidado en el tratamiento quirúrgico de atrapamiento del nervio o cirugía reconstructiva para el manejo del dolor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Radial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Radial Nerve/abnormalities , Upper Extremity/innervation , Cadaver , Anatomic Variation
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(3): 814-820, Sept. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665484

ABSTRACT

La distribución de los ramos nerviosos sensitivos en el borde lateral y en el dorso de la mano han sido descritos con mayor exactitud en las últimas décadas, debido al avance de nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico, las cuales han permitido detectar que alrededor del 40 por ciento de la población examinada presenta algún grado de variación anatómica en el territorio de distribución de los nervios involucrados. Conocer el número de fibras que componen un ramo nervioso cutáneo de la región de la mano, ha adquirido mayor relevancia con el desarrollo de técnicas de microcirugía y de ultrasonografía, procedimientos que han demostrado la utilidad de este conocimiento en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones nerviosas. Así, la arquitectura fascicular, el área adiposa y el área vascular de un ramo nervioso determinado constituyen datos que se ha demostrado se modifican con la edad y, en consecuencia, van condicionar la conducta terapéutica y el pronóstico de las lesiones nerviosas. En este caso presentamos una variación anatómica bilateral extremadamente rara, que involucra al ramo superficial del nervio radial y al nervio cutáneo lateral antebraquial; situación que aparece descrita en la literatura especializada sólo una vez y que modifica notablemente la inervación sensitiva del borde radial de la mano...


The distribution of sensory nerve branches in the lateral and the back of the hand have been described more accurately in recent decades due to advances in new diagnostic techniques, which have identified that about 40 percent of the population examined have some degree of anatomical variation in the distribution area of the sensitive nerves involved. The knowledge of the number of fibers forming a sensitive nerve of the hand has become more important with the development of microsurgical techniques and ultrasonography; procedures that have demonstrated the usefulness of this information in the diagnosis and treatment of nerve injuries. Thus, the fascicular architecture, adipose tissue area and the vascular area of a nerve branch, data that has been demonstrated that change with age, will determine the therapeutic and prognosis of nerve injuries. In this case we present an extremely rare and bilateral anatomical variation, involving the superficial branch of radial nerve and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, a situation that is described in the literature only once and which notably alter the sensory innervations of the radial edge of the hand...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Arm/innervation , Hand/innervation , Musculocutaneous Nerve/anatomy & histology , Radial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Skin/innervation , Cadaver , Musculocutaneous Nerve/abnormalities , Radial Nerve/abnormalities
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(3): 681-685, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608642

ABSTRACT

La distribución de los ramos nerviosos sensitivos en el borde lateral y en el dorso de la mano han sido descritos con mayor exactitud en las últimas décadas, debido al avance de las técnicas de electrodiagnóstico que ofrecen un alto rendimiento, las cuales han permitido detectar que alrededor del 40 por ciento de la población examinada presenta algún grado de variación anatómica en el territorio de distribución de los nervios involucrados. En este caso presentamos una variación anatómica bilateral extremadamente rara, que involucra al ramo superficial del nervio radial (NRS) y al nervio cutáneo antebraquial lateral (CABL); donde NRS se conecta de forma íntegra con el ramo medial de CABL, formándose así un tronco común (TC) que se distribuye por la región dorsal de la mano. Por su parte, el ramo lateral de CABL se distribuye por el borde lateral de la mano, ocupando el territorio cutáneo de NRS; situación que aparece descrita en la literatura especializada sólo una vez. El hallazgo de estas variaciones anatómicas en los cadáveres disecados con fines docentes en nuestro Departamento de Anatomía, tienen un valor formativo indiscutible para nuestros alumnos de pregrado y especialmente para los de postgrado, quienes pueden comprobar de primera mano la enorme variabilidad del ser humano, valorando las implicancias en la clínica diaria de este conocimiento anatómico.


The distribution of the sensory nerve branches in the lateral and the back of the hand have been described more accurately in the past decades due to advancement of high performance electro-diagnostic variation techniques, which indicate that approximately 40 percent of the population examined have some degree of anatomical variation in the distribution area of the nerves involved. In this case we present an extremely rare, bilaterally detected variation, involving the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (LABCN), where the SBRN is connected integrally with the medial branch of LABCN, forming a common trunk (CT) distributed by the dorsal region of the hand. Furthermore, the lateral branch of the LABCN is distributed in the lateral border of the hand, occupying the area of the skin of the SBRN, an event that is described only once in the literature. The discovery of these anatomical variations in dissected cadavers for teaching purposes, in the Department of Anatomy, have an undeniable educational value for our undergraduate students and especially for the graduate who can observe the enormous variability of human beings first hand, and value implications of this anatomical knowledge in daily clinic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Arm/anatomy & histology , Arm/innervation , Radial Nerve/abnormalities , Forearm/anatomy & histology , Forearm/innervation , Hand/anatomy & histology , Hand/innervation
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 26(2): 447-449, jun. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549975

ABSTRACT

During routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, multiple variations of forearm muscles in relation to the radial nerve and its branches were observed on the right side of a 34 year old male cadaver. Brachioradialis close to its origin was receiving muscle fibers from the brachialis and the radial nerve was passing in between them. Extensor carpi radialis brevis was absent and the extensor carpi radialis longus was giving two tendons in the second compartment of extensor retinaculum before its insertion while passing deep to the abductor pollicis longus. Absence of extensor carpi radialis brevis can be explained with the arrangement in lower mammals, where the two extensores carpi radiales are represented by one muscle. Ontogeny repeats phylogeny and anatomical variations have developmental basis. Henee, the pattern of muscular arrangement in this case can be said to be less evolved than the usual arrangement. The course of radial nerve between the two heads of brachioradialis makes it highly vulnerable to compression and injury, which may manifest as wrist drop (radial nerve palsy) or radial tunnel syndrome (compression of posterior interosseous nerve).


Durante una disección de rutina en el Departamento de Anatomía, se observaron múltiples variaciones de los músculos del antebrazo, en relación con el nervio radial y sus ramos, en el lado derecho de un cadáver de 34 años de edad, de sexo masculino. Cerca de su origen el músculo braquioradial recibía fibras del músculo braquial y el nervio radial cruzaba entre ellos. El músculo extensor radial corto del carpo se encontraba ausente y el músculo extensor radial largo del carpo se continuaba con dos tendones en el segundo compartimiento del retináculo extensor, bajo el músculo abductor largo de pulgar, antes de su inserción. La ausencia del músculo extensor radial corto del carpo se puede explicar en mamíferos inferiores, donde los dos músculos extensores radiales están representados por un sólo músculo. La ontogenia repite la filogenia y las variaciones anatómicas inciden en su desarrollo. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo al patrón muscular se puede afirmar que en este caso existe menos evolución que lo habitual. El curso del nervio radial entre las dos cabezas del músculo braquioradial, lo hace muy vulnerable a la compresión y las lesiones, que pueden manifestarse son, caída de la muñeca (parálisis del nervio radial) o el síndrome del túnel radial (compresión del nervio interóseo posterior).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Forearm/innervation , Muscle, Skeletal/innervation , Radial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Radial Nerve/abnormalities
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-46861

ABSTRACT

Posterior cord (PC) is formed by the union of posterior divisions of upper, middle and lower trunks. During routine dissection variations in the formation and distribution of PC and its branches were observed on both the sides. These variations were: i) prefixed brachial plexus on left side ii) PC on both the sides was formed by the union of posterior divisions of only the upper (C5, 6) and middle (C7) trunks while the posterior division of lower (C8, T1) trunk joined the radial nerve directly and also gave contribution by two roots to left thoracodorsal nerve iii) length of PC varied on both the sides; on right side it was 4cm while on left side it was 1.5cm long. iv) upper subscapular nerve on right side arose from PC far proximal to other branches and on its course communicated with lower subscapular nerve before distributing to subscapularis while on left side it arose from posterior division of the upper trunk (C5, 6) only. v) on left side nerve to teres minor arose directly from axillary nerve trunk instead of arising from its posterior branch. The axillary nerve on both the sides divided into terminal branches before entering the quadrangular space of arm instead after traversing the quadrangular space. vi) the branches of radial nerve, which normally arise in the radial groove, arose in the axilla on both the sides. So in cases of trauma or injury of arm some of these branches may be spared.


Subject(s)
Axilla/abnormalities , Brachial Plexus/abnormalities , Cadaver , Humans , Pilot Projects , Radial Nerve/abnormalities
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